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What is ms stand for in medical termsWhat is ms stand for in medical terms
About half of all patients with MS become unable to work within 10 to 15 years of the first onset of symptoms. Within 25 years of the first symptoms, half of these patients cannot walk. The cause of the disease is unknown although much evidence suggests that T lymphocytes that injure nerve cells and nerve sheaths play an important role, that is, that the disease has an autoimmune basis.
Some evidence links MS what is ms stand for in medical terms hypovitaminosis of vitamin D. Nearly a quarter of all patients with MS initially develop visual disturbances or blindness. Other consequences of the disease include sudden or progressive weakness in one or more limbs, muscular spasticity, nystagmus, fatigue, tremor, gait instability, recurrent urinary tract infections caused by bladder dysfunctionincontinence, and alterations in mood, including euphoria, irritability, and depression.
See: retrobulbar neuritis. Lumbar puncture is often performed to assess patients for oligoclonal bands immunoglobulins released into the cerebrospinal fluid due to inflammation. Although there is no known cure for MS, corticosteroids, interferon-alpha, and glatiramer may be used in specific settings to reduce disability or the frequency of relapses and the progression of disease in patients what is ms stand for in medical terms some variants of MS.
Treatment should be individualized because these therapies may be how wealthy north carolina, ineffective in benign or primary progressive disease, and poorly tolerated by some patients. Symptomatic relief e. The health care professional provides support to patients with MS and their families.
The patient адрес страницы advised to avoid fatigue, overexertion, exposure to extreme heat or cold, and stressful situations, and is encouraged to follow a regular plan of daily activity and exercise based on levels of tolerance.
The patient is taught about symptoms that may occur during exacerbations of the disease and the need to adapt the plan of care to changing needs, as what is ms stand for in medical terms as about the administration of prescribed medications.
Physical and occupational therapy referral assist the patient to maintain muscle tone and joint mobility, decrease spasticity, improve balance and coordination, what is ms stand for in medical terms increase morale. Massages, relaxing baths, yoga, and tai chi may prove mediccal. A nutritious, well-balanced stabd with adequate roughage and fluids is recommended.
Bladder and bowel training programs, self-catheterization, and the use of condom catheters may be required. Independence is encouraged by assisting the patient to develop new methods for activities of daily living ADL performance and optimal functioning.
Both the patient and family are encouraged to promote safety in the stanr and the work environment. There is no specific therapy. General supportive therapy is indicated.
A great number of drugs including corticosteroids, what is ms stand for in medical terms, d -penicillamine, and immunosuppressive agents have been tried. Physical therapy will help maintain range of motion and muscular strength but will not influence the course of joint disease. Stenosis may result from embryonic maldevelopment, hypertrophy and thickening of a sphincter muscle, inflammatory disorders, or excessive development of fibrous tissue.
It may involve almost any tube or duct. Many patients with mild or moderate aortic stenosis, e. A heart murmur is usually heard on physical examination of the patient.
This murmur is best heard at the right second intercostal space during systole. Palpation of the arteries in severe aortic stenosis may reveal a delayed and weakened pulse, e. The heart's apical impulse may be laterally and what is ms stand for in medical terms displaced as a result of left ventricular hypertrophy.
Alarming symptoms include anginal chest pain, syncope, tsand dyspnea on exertion. When these occur, surgery to repair по ссылке replace the diseased valve are necessary. Transthoracic echocardiography TTE diagnoses aortic stenosis and helps to evaluate its severity, determine left ventricular size and function, and detect other valvular disease.
If the aortic valve area is significantly narrowed, i. A history of related cardiac disorders is obtained. Cardiopulmonary function is assessed regularly by monitoring vital signs and weight, intake, and output for signs of fluid overload. The patient is monitored for chest pain, which ns indicate cardiac ischemia, and the electrocardiogram is нажмите сюда for ischemic changes.
Activity tolerance and приведу ссылку are assessed. After cardiac catheterization, the insertion site is checked according to protocol often every 15 wuat for /30434.txt hr for signs of bleeding; the patient is assessed for chest pain, and vital signs, heart rhythm, and peripheral pulses distal to the insertion site are monitored.
Problems are reported to the cardiologist. Desired outcomes for all aortic valve surgeries include adequate cardiopulmonary tissue perfusion and cardiac output, reduced medidal with exertion, absence of fluid volume excess, and ability to manage the treatment regimen. Patients with aortic stenosis with or without surgical repair require prophylactic antibiotics before invasive procedures including dental extractions, cleanings because of the risk they pose for bacteremia and infective endocarditis.
The abnormality of the valve may predispose patients to infective endocarditis; to left atrial enlargement and atrial arrhythmias; or to left ventricular failure. In infants, treatment may involve open or laparoscopic division of the muscles of the pylorus.
Infantile pyloric stenosis is usually diagnosed in the first 6 months of life when babies have trouble with vomiting after eating, sometimes with projectile vomiting and consequent dehydration. The disease occurs in 2 to 3 infants per births and is more common in boys than girls. In adults, endoscopic stents may be placed to open malignant obstructions. Patients may be treated medically with standard antihypertensive drugs, or, in some cases, with renal artery angioplasty or bypass surgery.
All rights reserved. Abbreviation for multiple sclerosis ; morphine sulfate ; mitral stenosis ; myasthenic syndrome Lambert-Eaton syndrome ; and magnesium sulfate. Latin Magister Scientiae Master of Science.
Published by Houghton Mifflin Company. Segen's Medical Dictionary. Master of Science 3 Master of Surgery 4. Medical student 5. Mental status 6. Mitral stenosissee there 7. Morphine sulfate 8. Multiple sclerosissee there 9. A hardening or induration of an organ or tissue, esp. See: arteriosclerosis ; cerebrosclerosis tedms -rot'ikadjective. Sclerosis involving the tunica media of arteries, usually the result of involutional changes accompanying aging.
Synonym: hyperplastic sclerosis. Atrophy of neurons and scarring in the temporal lobe of the brain, typically in the hippocampus. It is both a cause and an effect of temporal lobe epilepsy.
Some patients with focal seizures and a clearly defined area of MTS have significant improvement in seizure activity when the affected area of the temporal lobe is surgically removed. A chronic disease of the central nervous system CNS in which there is destruction of myelin within several regions of the brain and spinal cord at different times.
This results in temporary, repetitive, or sustained disruptions in nerve impulse conduction, causing symptoms such as muscular weakness, loss of coordination, numbness, visual disturbances, loss of control of bowel, bladder, and sexual functions. The clinical picture in MS depends upon the extent of demyelination.
Multiple sclerosis is a relatively common disorder: more thanAmericans are affected, of whom the majority aboutare adults. Multiple sclerosis usually begins between ages 20 and 40; women are twice as likely to have the disease as men, and European-Americans are more likely to be affected than African-Americans or Whaat. Four main categories of MS are currently recognized. The benign variant is marked by several episodes of nervous system dysfunction, followed by complete recovery.
The primary progressive variant is marked by rapid loss of neurological functions that do not resolve, causing iin functional impairments that worsen over time. More common than either of these types of MS are the two relapsing-remitting variants. In patients iz these disorders, neurological deficits develop and then improve either completely or partially. Trms patients who achieve only partial restoration of neurological function, secondary progression of the disease may result in a gradual accumulation of visual, motor, or sensory disabilities.
Synonym: insular sclerosis About half of all patients with MS become unable to work детальнее на этой странице 10 to 15 years of the first onset of symptoms.
Etiology The cause of the disease is unknown although much evidence suggests that T lymphocytes that injure nerve cells and nerve sheaths play an important role, that is, that the disease has an autoimmune basis. Symptoms Nearly a quarter of all patients with MS initially develop visual disturbances or blindness.
Treatment Although there is no known cure for MS, does p r n d i for, interferon-alpha, and glatiramer may be used in specific settings to reduce disability or the frequency of relapses and the progression of disease in patients with some variants of MS. Utah time care The health care professional provides support to patients with MS and their families.
An increase in the refractive index of the eye's crystalline lens, which culminates in the development of nuclear cataracts. Before the cataract fully opacifies, the patient's near vision may improve, a phenomenon known as senopia or second sight. A chronic disease of unknown cause that occurs four times as frequently in women as in men. It causes sclerosis of the skin and other organs, including the stqnd tract, lungs, heart, what is ms stand for in medical terms kidneys. The skin is taut, firm, and whta and is firmly bound to subcutaneous tissue, which often causes limitation of the range of motion.
The skin also feels tough and leathery, may itch, and later becomes hyperpigmented. The skin changes usually precede the development of signs of visceral involvement. An autosomal dominant disorder in which multiple benign tumors appear in the skin, brain, heart, what is ms stand for in medical terms kidneys of affected children.
Infants born with this disease may have facial angiofibromas, astrocytomas of the CNS, hamartomas of the retina, and other lesions, producing hydrocephalus, mental retardation, whxt, and seizures. The constriction or narrowing of a passage trems orifice. Stenosis of blood flow from the left ventricle to the aorta due to aortic valve disease or obstructions just above or below the valve. The stenosis may be congenital js secondary to diseases of adolescence or adulthood, e.
It is the most common cardiac valve dysfunction in the U. Synonym: aortostenosis What is ms stand for in medical terms Many patients with mild or moderate aortic stenosis, e. Physical Findings Transthoracic echocardiography TTE diagnoses aortic stenosis and helps to evaluate its severity, determine left ventricular size and function, and detect other valvular disease. Treatment If the aortic valve area is significantly narrowed, i.
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